Bubbling paint or paint blistering is a common issue for homeowners after a water-related problem like a burst pipe, roof leak, or ice dam. When water seeps into walls or ceilings, it weakens the bond between paint and the surface, causing the paint to lift and form unsightly bubbles. Fixing it isn’t just about appearances; leaving the problem unattended can lead to further damage and mold growth.

How Bubbling Behind Paint Occurs

  • Water penetrates drywall, plaster, or wood through a leak or moisture buildup.
  • The surface absorbs moisture, sometimes through the exterior walls, which expands and pushes against the paint layer.
  • Trapped water or vapor separates the adhesion and causes paint blisters.
  • If the moisture isn’t stopped, the issue will worsen, leading to peeling or cracking.
A water stain on a kitchen ceiling.
Repairing bubbled ceiling paint isn't hard, just make sure you mitigate the cause of the damage first. Credit: Hanifah Ich / Getty Images

How to Fix Your Paint After Water Damage

Tools and Materials

  • Utility knife or paint scraper
  • Sandpaper (medium and fine-grit)
  • Sponge and bucket
  • Mild detergent or trisodium phosphate (TSP)
  • Stain-blocking primer (hides residual yellows)
  • Patch compound (if needed)
  • Paintbrushes and rollers
  • Matching paint

1. Locate and Repair the Source of the Water

First and foremost... don't waste time on drywall repairs if you haven't fixed the issue.

  • Inspect for source of water damage. Common culprits include roof damage, plumbing leaks, burst pipes causing the issue. If in doubt, get a moisture meter.
  • Prioritize the actual repair first, whether sealing a roof or repairing plumbing.
  • Allow the area to dry; use fans or dehumidifiers to speed up drying time. The biggest mistake you could make it rushing this step which would encourage household molds.

2. Remove Damaged Paint

  • Use a utility knife or paint scraper to remove bubbled paint film.
  • Peel away any areas where the loose paint is no longer adhering to the surface.
  • If moisture has softened drywall, gently cut out and replace damaged sections.

3. Clean the Surface

  • Wipe the blemished surface with a sponge and mild detergent to remove dirt or residue.
  • For stubborn stains, use TSP diluted according to the package instructions. You'll also need to wear rubber gloves if you're handling cloths soaked by TSP.
  • Rinse thoroughly and let the wall dry completely before moving to the next step.

4. Sand and Patch the Wall

  • Sand the area to smooth out rough edges to create a smooth or semi-smooth surface.
  • If the damage left holes or dents, apply a patch compound and smooth out the uneven surface.
  • Once the patch dries, sand again for a seamless surface.

5. Prime the Area

  • Apply a stain-blocking primer to seal the porous surface and prevent future stains from bleeding through.
  • Allow the primer to dry fully before painting.

6. Repaint the Wall or Ceiling

  • Match the color to the surrounding paint surface for a consistent finish.
  • Use a brush or roller to apply two fresh coats of paint, letting the base coat dry as recommended.

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FAQ

Can I paint over bubbling paint?

No, applying fresh paint over paint bubbling won’t fix the underlying issue. The bubbles will reappear unless you address the moisture issues and prepare the surface properly.

How can I prevent bubbling paint in the future?

Assuming you've fixed water leaks and improved ventilation in damp areas, painting under the right conditions with the right type of paint. Use moisture-resistant paint in bathrooms, kitchens, and basements. Never layer oil-based paint over a latex paint. Avoid painting in the middle of the day because extreme heat and direct sunlight can also cause air pockets in the layers of paint.